The process of turning diamond rough into a polished diamond is complex, precise, and requires skilled craftsmanship. This process involves several key steps, from the initial evaluation of the rough stone to the final polishing. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the steps involved:

1. Diamond rough selection & grading

• Assessment of the rough: each rough diamond is unique, with different shapes, sizes, colors, and qualities. Before starting any cutting or polishing, professionals assess the rough diamond’s characteristics (e.g., shape, size, color, clarity, and internal inclusions).
• Planning: expert diamond graders (often using 3d modeling software) determine the best way to cut the rough diamond to maximize its yield and brilliance. The goal is to preserve as much carat weight as possible while enhancing the diamond’s visual appeal and minimizing the impact of internal flaws (inclusions).

2. Cleaving or sawing

• Cleaving: some rough diamonds, especially those with clear structural lines, are cleaved (split) along their natural grain using a special tool and precise technique. This process is more common for very large rough diamonds.
• Sawing: if the diamond is not suitable for cleaving, it’s typically sawn using a high-speed, thin diamond blade saw. The sawing process is used to break the rough diamond into smaller, manageable pieces, especially when the rough diamond has visible internal flaws that need to be avoided.

3. Blocking (or shaping)

• Shaping the diamond: at this stage, the diamond is shaped into a form that is easier to work with and closer to its final appearance. For round brilliant diamonds, the rough will be shaped into a rounded form. For other cuts (like emerald or cushion), the rough will be shaped accordingly.
• This step typically involves reducing the rough diamond’s size and focusing on its symmetry, shape, and structure. It’s often done using specialized machines, including laser-cutting tools.

4. Polishing

• Polishing the diamond: after the facets are cut, the diamond is polished to create its final shiny surface. Polishing is the most delicate step in the process and is often done by hand.
• During polishing, the diamond is placed on a rotating wheel (typically made of metal with a polishing compound like diamond powder) to smooth out any rough edges and bring out the diamond’s brilliance.
• This is also the stage where the diamond’s clarity is evaluated. Any remaining imperfections or blemishes are minimized or removed if possible, but the process has to be carefully balanced to avoid losing too much weight.